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Library>Travel in China>Protected Sites>Class Ⅲ>Tombs

Mahao Cliff Tomb

The Mahao Cliff Tomb is situated in Maohaowan, one kilometer from the suburbs of Leshan City, Sichuan Province.

The cliff tomb of the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220) constitutes the tomb gate, tomb passageway and coffin chamber, which is 29.93 meters deep with the widest area measuring 10.9 meters and the highest, 2.8 meters.

There are abundant stone carvings in the tomb. The gate was carved with images of the upturned eaves and tiers of brackets. The gate lintel displays a pair of engraved goats and three relief sculptures of human figures. The upturned eaves on the left gate were engraved with a tiger. The sculpture
lines are delicate and of different styles. On the chamber wall is a relief sculpture of outings with carts and horses, grazing horses, banquet parties and the story ofJing Ke Attempted to Assassinate Emperor Qinshihuang, etc. A Buddha was engraved on the pillar in the passageway — one of the
earliest Buddha sculptures in China.

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Library>Travel in China>Protected Sites>Class Ⅱ>Contructions

Wanbu Huayanjing Pagoda

The Wanbu Huayanjing Pagoda is located in the southeast of Baita Village in the east suburb of Hohhot City of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

Commonly called White Pagoda, the Wanbu Huayanjing Pagoda was said to be built in Emperor Shengzong’s reign (983 — 1031) of the Liao Dynasty (916-1125). With an octagonal plane, the pagoda has seven storeys and is 45.18 meters high. It has a high pedestal, with supine lotuss on the top, and there
are spiral stairs inside and you can climb up to look far into the distance. There are two half-round arches and two square false doors on each floor. The first and second floors enshrine figures of Heavenly Kings, Hercules, and Bodhisattvas. Carved adeptly, these vivid statues are excellent
artworks in the Liao Dynasty. There used to be nine contribution steles built in the Jin Dynasty (1115-1234) embedded in the first floor, but now only six remain extant. Multi-layer interlaced beams on the inner and outer walls and the center form a complete wooden frame.

The bricks on its surface were carved with fine pictures. Inside you can find many scriptures written in different languages including Chinese, Tibetan, Mongolian, and the languages of Nuzhen, Khitan and other ethnic groups that demonstrate that each ethnic group has associated and exchanged
culture with each other for a long time.

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Library>Culture ABC>Folk Way>Ethnic Food

De’ang

The De’ang ethnic minority,originally called the Benglong ethnic minority, officially got the current name in 1985. It is one of the ethnic minority groups with the longest history along the southwest borders ofChina. The De’angs mainly reside inYunnanProvinceand are engaged in agriculture. They
plant paddy rice, maize, buckwheat and yams, and especially high quality tea.

Most De’angs take paddy rice as their staple food, supplemented with maize and yams in some areas. They are good at making various grain foods, such as pea powder, bean curd, rice noodle, rice cake,Ciba(a glutinous rice cake) and rice dumpling, etc.

The De’angs are particular in drinks and food. They take ingredients from a variety of sources, and are good at boiling, stewing, mixing and pounding. The flavor is sour, hot and a bit sweet. They have a diversity of vegetables, and bamboo shoots are available in all seasons.

The De’angs drink strong tea, which is said to be an ancient tradition. Tea is the best gift to relatives and friends. They also drink sour tea, also called wet tea, which tastes sour and bitter, but quenches thirst, reduces summer heat, and helps digestion. It is a kind of fermented tea by
sealing fresh tealeaves into bamboo tubes. Tea preservation is usually done in the rainy season. Once the fresh leaves are picked, they are pressed into plaster jars tightly till the rim, and sealed with a heavy lid. Months later, the tea is ready for use after being taken out and mixed with other
spices.

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